Neuroanatomical correlates of impaired decision‐making and facial emotion recognition in early Parkinson’s disease
Identifieur interne : 001F39 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 001F38; suivant : 001F40Neuroanatomical correlates of impaired decision‐making and facial emotion recognition in early Parkinson’s disease
Auteurs : Naroa Ibarretxe-Bilbao ; Carme Junque ; Eduardo Tolosa ; Maria-Jose Marti ; Francesc Valldeoriola ; Nuria Bargallo ; Mojtaba ZareiSource :
- European Journal of Neuroscience [ 0953-816X ] ; 2009-09.
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Abstract
Decision‐making and recognition of emotions are often impaired in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and the amygdala are critical structures subserving these functions. This study was designed to test whether there are any structural changes in these areas that might explain the impairment of decision‐making and recognition of facial emotions in early PD. We used the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) and the Ekman 60 faces test which are sensitive to the integrity of OFC and amygdala dysfunctions in 24 early PD patients and 24 controls. High‐resolution structural magnetic resonance images (MRI) were also obtained. Group analysis using voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) showed significant and corrected (P < 0.05 FEW‐small volume correction) gray matter (GM) loss in the right amygdala and bilaterally in the OFC in PD patients. Volumetric analyses were also performed but did not yield significant differences between groups. Left lateral GM volume in OFC showed a slight correlation with the IGT, and bilateral OFC GM was strongly correlated with Ekman test performance in PD patients. We conclude that: (i) impairment in decision‐making and recognition of facial emotions occurs at the early stages of PD, (ii) these neuropsychological deficits are accompanied by degeneration of OFC and amygdala, and (iii) bilateral OFC reductions are associated with impaired recognition of emotions, and GM volume loss in left lateral OFC is related to decision‐making impairment in PD.
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DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2009.06892.x
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Spain</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marti, Maria Ose" sort="Marti, Maria Ose" uniqKey="Marti M" first="Maria-Jose" last="Marti">Maria-Jose Marti</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Centro de Investigation en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Institut Clinic de Neurociencies (ICN), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Valldeoriola, Francesc" sort="Valldeoriola, Francesc" uniqKey="Valldeoriola F" first="Francesc" last="Valldeoriola">Francesc Valldeoriola</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Centro de Investigation en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 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The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and the amygdala are critical structures subserving these functions. This study was designed to test whether there are any structural changes in these areas that might explain the impairment of decision‐making and recognition of facial emotions in early PD. We used the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) and the Ekman 60 faces test which are sensitive to the integrity of OFC and amygdala dysfunctions in 24 early PD patients and 24 controls. High‐resolution structural magnetic resonance images (MRI) were also obtained. Group analysis using voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) showed significant and corrected (P < 0.05 FEW‐small volume correction) gray matter (GM) loss in the right amygdala and bilaterally in the OFC in PD patients. Volumetric analyses were also performed but did not yield significant differences between groups. Left lateral GM volume in OFC showed a slight correlation with the IGT, and bilateral OFC GM was strongly correlated with Ekman test performance in PD patients. We conclude that: (i) impairment in decision‐making and recognition of facial emotions occurs at the early stages of PD, (ii) these neuropsychological deficits are accompanied by degeneration of OFC and amygdala, and (iii) bilateral OFC reductions are associated with impaired recognition of emotions, and GM volume loss in left lateral OFC is related to decision‐making impairment in PD.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Naroa Ibarretxe‐Bilbao</name><affiliations><json:string>Centro de Investigation en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain</json:string><json:string>Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain</json:string><json:string>Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Carme Junque</name><affiliations><json:string>Centro de Investigation en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain</json:string><json:string>Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain</json:string><json:string>Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Eduardo Tolosa</name><affiliations><json:string>Centro de Investigation en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain</json:string><json:string>Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain</json:string><json:string>Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Institut Clinic de Neurociencies (ICN), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Maria‐Jose Marti</name><affiliations><json:string>Centro de Investigation en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain</json:string><json:string>Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain</json:string><json:string>Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Institut Clinic de Neurociencies (ICN), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Francesc Valldeoriola</name><affiliations><json:string>Centro de Investigation en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain</json:string><json:string>Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain</json:string><json:string>Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Institut Clinic de Neurociencies (ICN), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Nuria Bargallo</name><affiliations><json:string>Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain</json:string><json:string>Centre de Diagnostic per la Imatge Hospital Clinic de Barcelona (CDIC), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Mojtaba Zarei</name><affiliations><json:string>Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>amygdala</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>gambling task</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>magnetic resonance imaging</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>orbitofrontal cortex</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>voxel‐based morphometry</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>EJN6892</json:string></articleId><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><abstract>Decision‐making and recognition of emotions are often impaired in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and the amygdala are critical structures subserving these functions. This study was designed to test whether there are any structural changes in these areas that might explain the impairment of decision‐making and recognition of facial emotions in early PD. We used the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) and the Ekman 60 faces test which are sensitive to the integrity of OFC and amygdala dysfunctions in 24 early PD patients and 24 controls. High‐resolution structural magnetic resonance images (MRI) were also obtained. Group analysis using voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) showed significant and corrected (P > 0.05 FEW‐small volume correction) gray matter (GM) loss in the right amygdala and bilaterally in the OFC in PD patients. Volumetric analyses were also performed but did not yield significant differences between groups. Left lateral GM volume in OFC showed a slight correlation with the IGT, and bilateral OFC GM was strongly correlated with Ekman test performance in PD patients. We conclude that: (i) impairment in decision‐making and recognition of facial emotions occurs at the early stages of PD, (ii) these neuropsychological deficits are accompanied by degeneration of OFC and amygdala, and (iii) bilateral OFC reductions are associated with impaired recognition of emotions, and GM volume loss in left lateral OFC is related to decision‐making impairment in PD.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>7.712</score><pdfVersion>1.3</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>595.276 x 782.362 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><keywordCount>5</keywordCount><abstractCharCount>1507</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>7581</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>47975</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>10</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>226</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Neuroanatomical correlates of impaired decision‐making and facial emotion recognition in early Parkinson’s 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The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and the amygdala are critical structures subserving these functions. This study was designed to test whether there are any structural changes in these areas that might explain the impairment of decision‐making and recognition of facial emotions in early PD. We used the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) and the Ekman 60 faces test which are sensitive to the integrity of OFC and amygdala dysfunctions in 24 early PD patients and 24 controls. High‐resolution structural magnetic resonance images (MRI) were also obtained. Group analysis using voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) showed significant and corrected (P < 0.05 FEW‐small volume correction) gray matter (GM) loss in the right amygdala and bilaterally in the OFC in PD patients. Volumetric analyses were also performed but did not yield significant differences between groups. Left lateral GM volume in OFC showed a slight correlation with the IGT, and bilateral OFC GM was strongly correlated with Ekman test performance in PD patients. We conclude that: (i) impairment in decision‐making and recognition of facial emotions occurs at the early stages of PD, (ii) these neuropsychological deficits are accompanied by degeneration of OFC and amygdala, and (iii) bilateral OFC reductions are associated with impaired recognition of emotions, and GM volume loss in left lateral OFC is related to decision‐making impairment in PD.</p></abstract><textClass xml:lang="en"><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>Keywords</head><item><term>amygdala</term></item><item><term>gambling task</term></item><item><term>magnetic resonance imaging</term></item><item><term>orbitofrontal cortex</term></item><item><term>voxel‐based morphometry</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2009-09">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><extension>txt</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/9299B81B69AB62710D2A2E32AE91398B645A7D03/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component version="2.0" type="serialArticle" xml:lang="en"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><publisherInfo><publisherName>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisherName><publisherLoc>Oxford, UK</publisherLoc></publisherInfo><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1111/(ISSN)1460-9568</doi><issn type="print">0953-816X</issn><issn type="electronic">1460-9568</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="EJN"></id><id type="publisherDivision" value="ST"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" sort="EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE">European Journal of Neuroscience</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="09006"><doi origin="wiley">10.1111/ejn.2009.30.issue-6</doi><numberingGroup><numbering type="journalVolume" number="30">30</numbering><numbering type="journalIssue" number="6">6</numbering></numberingGroup><coverDate startDate="2009-09">September 2009</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" type="article" position="21" status="forIssue"><doi origin="wiley">10.1111/j.1460-9568.2009.06892.x</doi><idGroup><id type="unit" value="EJN6892"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count type="pageTotal" number="10"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="tocHeading1">COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE</title><title type="tocHeading2"> </title></titleGroup><copyright>© The Authors (2009). Journal Compilation © Federation of European Neuroscience Societies and Blackwell Publishing Ltd</copyright><eventGroup><event type="firstOnline" date="2009-09-04"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2009-09-14"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:BPG_TO_WML3G version:2.3.2 mode:FullText source:FullText result:FullText" date="2010-03-02"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WILEY_ML3G_TO_WILEY_ML3GV2 version:4.0.1" date="2014-03-12"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.1.7 mode:FullText,remove_FC" date="2014-10-16"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst" number="1162">1162</numbering><numbering type="pageLast" number="1171">1171</numbering></numberingGroup><correspondenceTo>C. Junque, <sup>3</sup>Departament de Psiquiatria i Psicobiologia Clinica, as above.
E‐mail: <email>cjunque@ub.edu</email></correspondenceTo><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:EJN.EJN6892.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><unparsedEditorialHistory>Received 6 November 2008, revised 30 June 2009, accepted 7 July 2009</unparsedEditorialHistory><countGroup><count type="figureTotal" number="6"></count><count type="tableTotal" number="6"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="main">Neuroanatomical correlates of impaired decision‐making and facial emotion recognition in early Parkinson’s disease</title><title type="shortAuthors">N. Ibarretxe‐Bilbao <i>et al.</i></title><title type="short">Neuroanatomical correlates of orbitofrontal dysfunctions in PD</title></titleGroup><creators><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr1" affiliationRef="#a1 #a2 #a3"><personName><givenNames>Naroa</givenNames><familyName>Ibarretxe‐Bilbao</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr2" affiliationRef="#a1 #a2 #a3"><personName><givenNames>Carme</givenNames><familyName>Junque</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr3" affiliationRef="#a1 #a2 #a4"><personName><givenNames>Eduardo</givenNames><familyName>Tolosa</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr4" affiliationRef="#a1 #a2 #a4"><personName><givenNames>Maria‐Jose</givenNames><familyName>Marti</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr5" affiliationRef="#a1 #a2 #a4"><personName><givenNames>Francesc</givenNames><familyName>Valldeoriola</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr6" affiliationRef="#a2 #a5"><personName><givenNames>Nuria</givenNames><familyName>Bargallo</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr7" affiliationRef="#a6"><personName><givenNames>Mojtaba</givenNames><familyName>Zarei</familyName></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation xml:id="a1" countryCode="ES"><unparsedAffiliation>Centro de Investigation en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a2" countryCode="ES"><unparsedAffiliation>Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a3" countryCode="ES"><unparsedAffiliation>Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a4" countryCode="ES"><unparsedAffiliation>Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Institut Clinic de Neurociencies (ICN), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a5" countryCode="ES"><unparsedAffiliation>Centre de Diagnostic per la Imatge Hospital Clinic de Barcelona (CDIC), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a6" countryCode="GB"><unparsedAffiliation>Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup xml:lang="en"><keyword xml:id="k1">amygdala</keyword><keyword xml:id="k2">gambling task</keyword><keyword xml:id="k3">magnetic resonance imaging</keyword><keyword xml:id="k4">orbitofrontal cortex</keyword><keyword xml:id="k5">voxel‐based morphometry</keyword></keywordGroup><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><title type="main">Abstract</title><p>Decision‐making and recognition of emotions are often impaired in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and the amygdala are critical structures subserving these functions. This study was designed to test whether there are any structural changes in these areas that might explain the impairment of decision‐making and recognition of facial emotions in early PD. We used the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) and the Ekman 60 faces test which are sensitive to the integrity of OFC and amygdala dysfunctions in 24 early PD patients and 24 controls. High‐resolution structural magnetic resonance images (MRI) were also obtained. Group analysis using voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) showed significant and corrected (<i>P </i>< 0.05 FEW‐small volume correction) gray matter (GM) loss in the right amygdala and bilaterally in the OFC in PD patients. Volumetric analyses were also performed but did not yield significant differences between groups. Left lateral GM volume in OFC showed a slight correlation with the IGT, and bilateral OFC GM was strongly correlated with Ekman test performance in PD patients. We conclude that: (i) impairment in decision‐making and recognition of facial emotions occurs at the early stages of PD, (ii) these neuropsychological deficits are accompanied by degeneration of OFC and amygdala, and (iii) bilateral OFC reductions are associated with impaired recognition of emotions, and GM volume loss in left lateral OFC is related to decision‐making impairment in PD.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Neuroanatomical correlates of impaired decision‐making and facial emotion recognition in early Parkinson’s disease</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Neuroanatomical correlates of orbitofrontal dysfunctions in PD</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Neuroanatomical correlates of impaired decision‐making and facial emotion recognition in early Parkinson’s disease</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Naroa</namePart><namePart type="family">Ibarretxe‐Bilbao</namePart><affiliation>Centro de Investigation en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain</affiliation><affiliation>Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Carme</namePart><namePart type="family">Junque</namePart><affiliation>Centro de Investigation en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain</affiliation><affiliation>Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Eduardo</namePart><namePart type="family">Tolosa</namePart><affiliation>Centro de Investigation en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain</affiliation><affiliation>Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain</affiliation><affiliation>Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Institut Clinic de Neurociencies (ICN), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Maria‐Jose</namePart><namePart type="family">Marti</namePart><affiliation>Centro de Investigation en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain</affiliation><affiliation>Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain</affiliation><affiliation>Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Institut Clinic de Neurociencies (ICN), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Francesc</namePart><namePart type="family">Valldeoriola</namePart><affiliation>Centro de Investigation en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain</affiliation><affiliation>Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain</affiliation><affiliation>Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Institut Clinic de Neurociencies (ICN), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Nuria</namePart><namePart type="family">Bargallo</namePart><affiliation>Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain</affiliation><affiliation>Centre de Diagnostic per la Imatge Hospital Clinic de Barcelona (CDIC), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Mojtaba</namePart><namePart type="family">Zarei</namePart><affiliation>Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Oxford, UK</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2009-09</dateIssued><edition>Received 6 November 2008, revised 30 June 2009, accepted 7 July 2009</edition><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2009</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType><extent unit="figures">6</extent><extent unit="tables">6</extent></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">Decision‐making and recognition of emotions are often impaired in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and the amygdala are critical structures subserving these functions. This study was designed to test whether there are any structural changes in these areas that might explain the impairment of decision‐making and recognition of facial emotions in early PD. We used the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) and the Ekman 60 faces test which are sensitive to the integrity of OFC and amygdala dysfunctions in 24 early PD patients and 24 controls. High‐resolution structural magnetic resonance images (MRI) were also obtained. Group analysis using voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) showed significant and corrected (P < 0.05 FEW‐small volume correction) gray matter (GM) loss in the right amygdala and bilaterally in the OFC in PD patients. Volumetric analyses were also performed but did not yield significant differences between groups. Left lateral GM volume in OFC showed a slight correlation with the IGT, and bilateral OFC GM was strongly correlated with Ekman test performance in PD patients. We conclude that: (i) impairment in decision‐making and recognition of facial emotions occurs at the early stages of PD, (ii) these neuropsychological deficits are accompanied by degeneration of OFC and amygdala, and (iii) bilateral OFC reductions are associated with impaired recognition of emotions, and GM volume loss in left lateral OFC is related to decision‐making impairment in PD.</abstract><subject lang="en"><genre>Keywords</genre><topic>amygdala</topic><topic>gambling task</topic><topic>magnetic resonance imaging</topic><topic>orbitofrontal cortex</topic><topic>voxel‐based morphometry</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>European Journal of Neuroscience</title></titleInfo><genre type="Journal">journal</genre><identifier type="ISSN">0953-816X</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1460-9568</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1460-9568</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">EJN</identifier><part><date>2009</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>30</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>6</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1162</start><end>1171</end><total>10</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">9299B81B69AB62710D2A2E32AE91398B645A7D03</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/j.1460-9568.2009.06892.x</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">EJN6892</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">© The Authors (2009). Journal Compilation © Federation of European Neuroscience Societies and Blackwell Publishing Ltd</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource>WILEY</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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